STRUCTURAL SKETCH
STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES | TOTAL SYSTEM DESIGN APPROACH | 2020 - 2021
Personal sketches through visual observation
The aim was to analyze and understand how structural methodology and building construction comes together, this perhaps allows me to explore materiality and tectonic aspects of architectural structures via personal observations from site visits and freehand sketches, and the secondary intention was to bridge a connection between the hand and the mind to form a logical connection behind building principles.
T.Y. Lin & S.D. Stotesbury
“A means must be found for teaching students of both architecture and engineering how to
conceptualize technological knowledge in a total-system context.... the potential for a creative
collaboration of future environmental designers will be improved
to the degree, this can be developed".
THE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN PROCESS
ACCORDING TO T.Y. LIN & STOTESBURY
AN INTERACTION MODEL OF
THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN CHALLENGE
HIERARCHY OF
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN THINKING
ON-SITE
BUILDING ANALYSIS / CONFIGURATION SCHEME
POETIC - SOUND, LIGHT, ATMOSPHERE, ETC
STRUCTURAL INTERACTION
CHIJMES - CATHOLIC CHURCH
A historic building complex in Singapore, which began life as a Catholic convent known as the Convent of the Holt Infant Jesus. The church is located at Victoria Street in the Downtown Core, at Singapore's central business district.
Info
Designer: Father Charles Benedict Nian.
Constrcuted: 1903
Building Style
Gothic Style Structure: Neogothic Building
Gothic Chapel with Flanking Linkways.
Prominent Jackroof, Large French Window with Louvers & Corinthian Columns
Five-Storey Spire over entrance & decorative flying buttress on each side.
Modern SEA Cathedral
Typically, famous western cathedral are built in stone, however Chijmes is built with concrete.
CATHEDRAL DESIGN
PRINCIPLES OF COMPRESSION
HYPERBOLIC FORM
GEOMETRY CONSIDERATION
RIBBED VAULT CONSIDERATION
ARCHITECTURE DETAILS
HISTORICAL | PRECEDENT
BRIDGE DESIGN
ANDERSON BRIDGE
Designer: Robert Peirce
Span: 61.2m (L) by 9.63m (W) each module
Completed: 1909
Structure: Steel Truss Girder Bridge
The bridge was built to ease the heavy traffic condition on cavenagh bridge, which it can no longer accomodate the growing traffic that came with the town's rapid development.
Key Features
- Diagonal Structural Member
- Intricate Cast Iron Lattice Structure
- Basic Arch Structure, 3 Steel 'Bowstring Arch' with cast iron Ribs
![Anderson Bridge Details [edited].jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cdf0d_4226aa1231f4446ba3d80e13c0a32443~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_279,h_181,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/Anderson%20Bridge%20Details%20%5Bedited%5D.jpg)
MACRO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
MICRO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
CAVENAGH BRIDGE
Designer: Colonel Collyer & Rowland Mason Ordish
Span: 60.96m (L) by 9.45m (W) each module
Completed: 1869
Structure: Rigid Cable-Stayed Suspension Bridge (Steel Strcuture)
Cavenagh Bridge is one of the only suspension bridge and the oldest bridges in Singapore, spanning the lower reaches of the Singapore River in the Downtown Core. And was opened in 1869 to commemorate Singapore's New Crown colony of the Straits Settlements status in 1867, it is the oldest bridge in Singapore that exists in its original form.
Key Features
- Elaborated Suspension Struts
- Materials: Iron
- Moulded Cast Iron
- Tools Wrought Iron
- This system was used in rowland mason ordish design
for albert bridge over the river thames in London.
MACRO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
MICRO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
HELIX BRIDGE
Designer: ARUP
Architect: COX Group & Architect 61
Length: 280m Long Bridge
Completed: 2010
Structure: Rigid Cable-Stayed Suspension Bridge (Steel Strcuture)
The design comprises of two interlocking spiril steel tubes that twist in opposing directions, where its design narrative begins with a form of an DNA that symbolises "life & continuity", "renewal", "everlasting abundance", and "growth" towards Singapore's prosperity.
The form of the bridge comprises of two delicate helix structures that act together as a tubular truss in resisting the design loads. This atypical approach was inspired by the form of the curved DNA structure. Where the helix tube touches each other in one position, under the bridge deck. The two spiraling members are held apart by a series of light struts and rods, as well as stiffening rings, this is to form a rigid structure as both DNA intersect in a clockwise and anti-clockwise manner. This approach of arrangement helps to strengthen the ideal curved form. And the stainless steel bridge is met by concrete abutments at both ends.
Key Features
- Double Helix Curved Structure Bridge
- Materials: Constructed with Special Duplex Stainless
Steel to tackle corrosion from SEA Breeze
TYPES OF DIAGONAL FORCE
MACRO STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
MICRO STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
BRIDGE SUMMARY
PREFAB | STEEL TENSILE | ARCH
GLASS DESIGN
NATIONAL GALLERY SINGAPORE
Designer: Studio Milou
Constucted: 1905 [Existing]
Renovated: 2015 [New}
Description
Introduces contemporary Architecture style to old existing structure, rejuvenate the old yet
maintaining a masterful balance between heritage and modernity.
Structural Features
- Glass & Steel Roof Structure
- Glass Skylight held up by tree-like structure
- New roof and its supporting structure, stretching across and unifying the
'supreme court' & 'city hall' buildings, with the aim of not interupting the
existing building structure. Such that the 'tree like structure' was
built between the existing empty spaces between the buildings,
such as the courtyards and linking corridors.
Structural Investigaion
1. Deck Truss Skylight
2. Tree like Structure
3. Rigid Joint Structural Skylight
4. Curtain Wall with Steel Tension Cable
DECK TRUSS SKYLIGHT
MACRO SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
MICRO SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
TREE LIKE STRUCTURE
TRANSITIONAL FORCE
RIGID JOINT STRUCTURAL SKYLIGHT
TENSION + COMPRESSION FORCE
DESIGN INTEND
CURTAIN WALL WITH STEEL TENSION CABLE
STRUCTURAL
LOADING | FORCES
TENSILE STRUCTURE
ESPLANADE AMPHITHEATRE
Design: DP Architects
Completion: 2002
Description
This canopy uses tensile membrane structure to create a unique shaded public space: its structure interigty comprises of mostly tension with minimum compression or bending interigty, and is supported by lightweight structural system.
Fabric Material: PTFE (Teflon)
Structural Consideration Wind Rated Modular Design
Structural Element:
1. PTFE Membrane (Tension)
2. Rigid Structure (Pole/Masts)
3. Saddle Roof (Hyperbolic Geometry Form)
MATERIAL & FORM CONSIDERATION
STRUCTURAL FORCE
SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STRUCTURAL LOADING
DOME DESIGN
GARDENS BY THE BAY - ORCHID EXTRAVAGANZA
Architect: Wikinson Eyre
Engineer: Atelier One
Desciption
The aim was to reenvision 'a city in a garden' to showcase one of
the best horticulture and garden artistry in Singapore.
Types of Structure
1. Gridshell Structure
2. Radiating Arch Structure
3. Latice Frame Beam
Principles of Gridshell Structure
- Tri-Dimensional Surface
- Resist Load through the Nature of Geometry
- Self-supporting structure
- No additional Columns or Frames needed
SITE CONTEXT
FORM FOLLOWS CLIMATIC CONDITION
HANGER DETAIL
SECTIONAL ACROSS RADIATING ARCH
GEOMETRY ANALYSIS
GRIDSHELL | CURVATURE
